Martindale Method ASTM D4966 Test Method for Fabric Abrasion Resistance

The Martindale Abrasion Tester can detect the abrasion resistance and pilling performance of various plants. The textile abrasion resistance test is one of the long-running experiments in textile companies, and it is an important indicator to detect the abrasion resistance of textiles. Standard Group (Hong Kong) Co., Ltd. uses: Martindale method ASTM D4966 dust friction test method to briefly analyze the process of such experiments.

1. Scope
1. This standard uses a Martindale Abrasion Tester to measure the abrasion resistance of textiles. standard applies to all textiles, but for pile fabrics, when the pile height reaches 2mm, this method can be more difficult to test.
2. This method uses the inch-pound system as the standard unit, and the SI system can also be used as an auxiliary unit.
3. This standard does not entail safety. However, it is hoped that before this becomes the normapplied, some management documents related to safety and hygiene need to be prepared.
4. Currently other abrasion resistance test methods are: ASTM D3884, ASTM D3885, ASTM D3886, ASTM D4157, ASTM D4158, AATCC 93.

2. References

1. ASTM D3885 Textile Abrasion Resistance Test (Bending Abrasion Abrasion Method)
2. ASTM D3886 Textile Abrasion Resistance Test (Puffing Membrane Method)
3, ASTM D4157 Textile Abrasion Resistance Test (Cylinder Swing- method)
4. ASTM D4158 Textile Abrasion Test (Equilibrium Abrasion Method)
5. AAATCC 93 Textile Abrasion Test (Accelerator Method)

6 Description of ASTM D76 Textile Tensile Strength Tester;
7. ASTM D123 Textile Related Terms;
8. ASTM D1776 Textile Testing Humidity Conditioning
9, ASTM D3884 Textile Abrasion Resistance Test (rotating platform, two-head method)

3. Terminology
1. Definition: Other textiles used in thehe method Refer to ASTM D123 for definition.
2. Definitions in this method:
① Abrasion resistance: the loss of some parts of the raw material due to friction with another surface.
② Wear Cycle: The number of movement circles required to complete a full geometric figure in the Martindale Wear Tester.
③, cycle: in Martindale wear resistant, a full Lissajous curve must move 16 graphs.
④, Lissajous graphics: a geometric figure, It starts as a straight line, then slowly widens into an ellipse, then narrows and finally becomes a straight line again. The whole cycle lasts 16 rounds.
⑤ Circle: The outer two gears of the Martindale Wear Tester rotate one cycle.
⑥ Standard atmospheric pressure for textile preparation: the relative humidity is 10-25%, and the temperature should not exceed 50°C.
⑦ Standard atmospheric pressure for controlling the humidity of textiles:The standard environment for textile testing should be 65 ± 2% relative humidity and 21 ± 1°C.

4. Principle
Abrasion test means that under the conditions of known pressure and friction mode, the sample is pressed according to a geometric trajectory Friction, the graph is first a straight line, then widens and widens to form an ellipse, then narrows again and finally forms a straight line in the opposite direction of the original straight line. The sample is repeatedly rubbed along the above trajectory up to the specified number of cycles. 11-3 describes different methods to evaluate wear resistance.

V. Significance and Usefulness
1. This method is generally considered not very good in business, and the accuracy of this method in commercial comparison tests is relatively low Poor, due to the nature of the wear tester yourself,with the same tester, regardless of the internal or external comparison test, you often get different test results. Although this method is not recommended as a commercial test, it is widely used and preferred, especially in countries outside the United States.
If a dispute arises in business due to different test results, the buyer and seller should conduct some comparative tests to find out the differences between the two laboratories. It may be better to choose an authoritative institution for comparison. At the same time, the samples selected by the two parties must be consistent. The general practice is that the two parties use random sampling to find out the overall level. Once a difference is found between the two parties, it must be corrected and reconciled as soon as possible, otherwise the reason for the difference in results must be explained to the other party. 2.The wear test is greatly affected by the test conditions, such as the properties of the wear-resistant cloth, the difference in the movement of the sample on the wear-resistant cloth, the tension of the sample, and the pressure between the sample and the wear-resistant cloth. The size change of the sample affects the wear resistance.
3. Due to the change of the wear-resistant cloth in the specified test, the test results are different. The wear-resistant cloth should be replaced regularly and regularly checked against the standard. The wear-resistant cloth can only be used once and also need to be replaced after reaching the use limit. A carbide or equivalent surface can be used as a durable wear plate. At present, in a series of tests, it is not necessary to replace the wear plate accordingly. Due to the inconsistency of the actual usage situation, the same wear plate may be used in the same periodI t. Inner surface changes can be inconsistent. Due to the change in the surface finish, the wear-resistant plate will be changed. In addition, the wear-resistant plate must be cleaned regularly due to the influence of other substances such as test samples. The method of assessment and different assessors also influence the final toleranceResults of the grinding test.
4. The abrasion resistance of textiles measured by instruments in the laboratory can be used as the performance index of textiles in practice and the evaluation of its durability.
5. Routine abrasion resistance assessment is applied to all kinds of fabrics, including woven fabrics, non-woven fabrics, knitted garment fabrics, home textiles, industrial fabrics, carpets, etc. Thus, there are many different types of abrasion resistance testers, abrasion resistant cloths, test conditions, test procedures, methods of evaluating abrasion resistance, interpretatie of results, etc.
6. All test methods and instruments used to measure abrasion resistance, if they are far apart, the results obtained by different laboratories and different operators are very different. But these methods are widely used. 7. Since there is a definition for the measurement of wear resistance, it is necessary to use a standard method that can clarify the problem and minimize disputes.

Six. Instruments and raw materials
1. Martindale abrasion tester and the following replaceable items:
① Standard abrasion resistant cloth : plain weave, hybrid worsted fabric, specifications are as follows:
Standard regulations for abrasion resistant woolen fabrics

②, Standard wool felt, cloth weight 22 ± 1.5 OZ /Yd2, thickness 3 ± 0.3 mm.
③ Sponge foam pad: The thickness is 3 ± 0.3mm, the density is 29-31kg/m3, and the hardness is 38.23-47.22lbs.
④ Sample cutter,the diameters of the cut samples are 38 mm and 140 mm respectively.
⑤, AATCC color-changing gray card.

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