Martindale Abrasion Tester for various standard fabric test analyses

Martindale Abrasion Tester is mainly used for testing the abrasion resistance and pilling degree of knitted fabrics, woolen fabrics, imitation leather, synthetic leather, wood-based panels, rubber products, etc. under various pressures. The principle of the instrument is: under a certain pressure, the circular sample is rubbed against the fabric of the same material with the trajectory of the Lissajous figure, and after reaching the specified number of revolutions, the fluff and pilling level of the sample is evaluated. It also applies to the abrasion resistance test of GB/T13775, ASTM D4966, ISO12947 and other fabrics. The principle: Under a certain pressure, the round dust sample and the standard abrasive rub against each other according to the trajectory of the Lissajous curve. Ensure that the sample is damaged and the abrasion resistance of the fabric is expressed by the number of times the sample is damaged. Currently there are several stijlen of R&D and design of this instrument at home and abroad. As for the test stations, they are divided into: 4 Station Martindale Abrasion Tester, 6 Station Martindale Abrasion Tester, 8 Martindale 9 Station Abrasion Tester, 9 Station Martindale Abrasion Tester, 12 Station Martindale Abrasion Tester and many other styles. This document discusses the national standard GB/T21196.2~4-2007 in detail on the main principles of fabric abrasion and the detection method of abrasion resistance.

Abrasion resistance is an important indicator of the quality of textile products, which directly affects the durability and use effect of the products. Specifically, it refers to the property of resistance to abrasion between fabrics or with other fabrics in the process of repeated friction.

The wear of textile products is mainly reflected in the following five aspects:

(1) During the friction process, theThe fibers are continuous and break the fiber fragments in the yarn are damaged by fatigue Breakage occurs, resulting in breakage of the yarn.

(2) The fibers are pulled out of the fabric, resulting in the loosening of the yarn and structure of the fabric, and the fibers can be fully pulled out under repeated action, resulting in thinner yarns , thinner fabrics and even disintegration.

(3) The fiber is cut and broken, resulting in the yarn breaking.

(4) The surface of the fiber is worn and the surface layer of the fiber is fragmented and lost.

(5) Friction causes high temperatures, causing the fiber to melt or plastically deform, which affects the structure and mechanical properties of the fiber.

Abrasion is reflected in the morphological changes of the fabric, which are mainly damage, loss of quality, discoloration of the appearance and changes in pilling and pilling. There are many methods to test the abrasion resistance of textile products, such as surface grinding, curved grinding, hem grinding and compound grinding. The Martindale method is a kind of surface grinding method, which is widely used in the detection of wear resistance of clothing, home textiles, decorative fabrics and upholstery fabrics.

1 Standard System Introduction

1.1 International Standard
genusISO 12947.3—1998 Textiles by Martindale (Martindale) method for the determination of the abrasion resistance of fabrics - Part 3 : Determination of mass loss determination;

ISO12947-4-1998 Determination of the abrasion resistance of fabrics according to the Martindale method for textiles Part 4: Evaluation of appearance changes.

1.2 American Society for Materials (ASTM) Standard

ASTMD4966-2010 Dust Abrasion Test Martindale Abrasion Tester.

1.3 European Standards

ENISO12947-2:1998 Determination of Abrasion Resistance of Fabricsby Martindale Method of Textiles Part 2: Determination of Sample Breakage;

ENISO12947-3:1998 Determination of abrasion resistance of fabrics by Martindale (Martindale) method for textiles Part 3: Determination of mass loss;

ENISO12947-4:1998 Textiles Determination of wear resistance of fabrics according to the Martindale method Part 4: Evaluation of appearance changes

1.4 Standard of the German Institute for Standardization ( DIN)

DINENISO12947-2-2007 Textiles. Determination of the abrasion resistance of fibers according to the Martens method. Part 2: Determination of test failure ;

DINENISO12947-3-2007 Textiles. Determination of the abrasion resistance of fibers according to the Martens method. Part 3: Determination of mass loss;

DINENISO12947-7-2007 Textiles Determination of abrasion resistance of fabrics by the Martindale method Part 4: Evaluation of appearance changes.

1.5 British Standards Institution (BS) standard

BISO12947.2-1998 Determination of the abrasion resistance of textiles by the Martindale method for textiles, part 2: Determination of sample fraction;

BISO12947.3-1998 Determination of the abrasion resistance of textiles by the Martindale method for textiles Part 3: Determination of mass loss;

BSENISO12947-4-1999 Determination of abrasion resistance of textile materials by the Martindale method - Part 4 Evaluation of appearance changes.

1.6 China National Standard

GB/T21196.2-2007 Determination of abrasion resistance of fabrics by Martindale method for textile Part 2: Determination of sample fraction;

GB/T21196.3-2007 Martindale for Textiles) Method for Determination of Abrasion Resistance of Textiles Part 3: Determination of Mass Loss;

GB/T21196.4-2007 Martindale Method for Textile Determination Part 4: Evaluation of Appearance Changes.

The standard given above is the Martindale method standard for testing the abrasion resistance of fabrics, issuedequally by several influential international standardization organizations. Among them, the EU standards, DIN standards and BSI standards all adopt ISO standards. The revision of the Chinese national standard adopts the ISO standard. The detection method is basically the same as the ISO standard, but the scope of application of the standard adds coated substances, and for the detection of coated substances, the corresponding damage regulations of coating materials and friction are added Load parameters, standard abrasives and standard replacement requirements for abrasives. The American Society for Materials Standard ASTMD4966-2010 Fabric Abrasion Test Martindale Abrasion Tester includes two parts: the provisions on the abrasion resistance test method, the provisions on the Martindale Abrasion Tester and auxiliary materials, and the test method is in accordance with International Standardization Organization Standards ISO12947.2 ~4 are basically the same, and slightly different fromISO12947.3~4 in terms of measuring mass loss and evaluation of appearance changes, and are simpler in terms of test endpoint conditions and display of test results.

2 Evaluation method of abrasion resistance of fabric

The conditions for determining sample damage are: at least two independent yarns in woven fabrics are completely broken; The thread is broken, leaving holes in the appearance; the pile or cut pile fabric surface is worn to the bottom or the tufts fall off; the non-woven fabric has holes due to friction, and the diameter is ≥ 0.5mm; the coating portion of the coated fabric is covered Destroy until the base fabric is exposed or the flake coating falls off. The abrasion resistance of fabrics is generally analyzed and evaluated from three aspects: the measurement of sample damage, the measurement of mass loss, and the evaluation of appearance changes.

1) Determination of sample damage: under a certain load, the sample in the armature rubs against the abrasive with the path of the movement of the Lissajous curve plane, and the total number of frictions when the sample is damaged is used to determine the abrasion resistance of the fabric to decide.

2) Determination of mass loss: under a certain load, the sample in the armature rubs against the abrasive with the path of the movement of the Lissajous curve plane, and the sample is rubbed before and after the friction at a certain number of times The quality difference to determine the wear resistance.

3) Evaluation of appearance change: under a certain load, the sample in the armature follows the track The wear resistance of the fabric is determined by the change of the appearance of the sample before and after friction for the friction of the movement of the Lissajous curve plane and the abrasive.

3 Summary of the test methodsfor abrasion resistance of textiles

3.1 Determination of sample damage

This method is suitable for all textile materials, but not for abrasion Substances with a shorter service life.

(1) Selection of abrasives. Choose different standard abrasives according to the characteristics of the sample. Non-coated fabric: woven woolen fabric, coated fabric: No. 600 water sandpaper. The abrasive material and the grinding table are separated by wool felt. After the test, check the surface of the felt. If there are stains or wear, it should be replaced in time.

(2) Sampling method. At least 3 pieces, the woven fabric must contain different warp and weft yarns. Jacquard fabric or fancy weave should contain all the signature parts of a complete weave. If a complete weave or pattern is large, each part can be sampled individually.

(3) Sample container liner selection. Measure the mass per unit area of ​​het sample, the area unit of the sample is ≥500g/m2, no foam liner is required, the area unit of the sample is <500g/m2, the foam liner is installed in the sample fixture and replaced each time Foam filling.

(4) Selection of total effective mass friction load. The total effective mass of the frictional load includes the mass of the container, the stainless steel disc and the weight of the sample. According to the technical parameters of the Atlas M235 Martindale Abrasion Resistance and Pilling Tester, the mass of the container: (200 ± 1) g; the mass of the stainless steel disc: (260 ± 1) g; the mass of the sample weight : (395±2)g, (594±2)g. According to the use of the sample, there are three choices for the total effective mass of the corresponding friction load according to the characteristics of the fabric: 1) (795 ± 7) g: suitable for workwear, furniture fabrics, bedding products, industrial fabrics; (595±7)g: 2)Applicable to clothing and home textiles (furniture upholstery, bedding products), non-clothing coated fabrics; (198±2) g: 3) Coated fabrics suitable for clothing.

(5) Abrasive replacement cycle

Wool standard dust: 50000 times; standard water sandpaper: 6000 times.

(6) Inspection interval

Estimate the number of friction times when the sample reaches the fracture and design a suitable inspection interval based on this to determine the wear resistance of the sample. During the test, the observation point of the wear condition of the sample surface is checked for a certain number of friction times.

(7) Display measurement results

Measure the total number of rubs when each sample is damaged and use the accumulated number of rubs before the sample is damaged as the number of abrasions.

above Systematically introduce the method and standard system for determining wear resistanceof substances according to the Martindale method, and point out that the relationship between European standards, German standards, American Society for Materials standards and Chinese standards and the international standard ISO is the same or changed. There are three methods of measuring the abrasion resistance of fabrics by the Martindale method: the method of measuring sample damage, the method of measuring mass loss, and the method of changing the appearance quality. Of the three methods, the test method of sample damage is often used. This method has a small error, and the test results are intuitive and clear. The abrasion resistance of different fabrics is easy to compare. It is generally used in clothing products and decorative fabrics. The expression form of the test results of the mass loss measurement method and the appearance quality change method is relatively complicated, but it can improve the wear resistance of the material.reflect the sample in different friction stages, and it has strong practical application in the analysis of the use of sex substances in production enterprises or scientific research institutions. Based on my countrys national standard GB/T21196.2-4-2007, this document summarizes the main contents of the three methods of measuring the abrasion resistance of fabrics by the Martindale method, in the hope of helping textile quality inspectors to correctly understand and apply. The Martindale method is used to test the abrasion resistance of fabrics.

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