Martindale Abrasion Tester Experimental Process

Abrasion resistance test:
Abrasion resistance test is a standard system for testing textiles according to test methods and the relationship between them, by testing wear-resistant fabrics.
Martindale is a commonly used test in Europe and Asia. The International Wool Bureau and the International Cotton Council accept it, such acts (Contract Textiles Association) and Martindale abrasion testing are based on the test methods and their relationship to the standard system of textile testing by which wear resistant fabrics are tested.
Martindale is a commonly used test in Europe and Asia. The International Wool Secretariat and the International Cotton Council accept this, as do the Contract Textiles Association and the DFA (Decorative Fabrics Association). Although North American designers are not familiar with the Martindale test, it is considered a reliable test. Martindale is believed to be authentic material, rigorously tested. The fabric is flat, rubbedwith the same material on the test machine and stop when the fabric is worn or broken, and the number of cycles is the abrasion resistance. 20,000 Martindale bicycles for general commercial use; 40,000 Martindale bikes for heavy commercial use.
Martin only tests for abrasion resistance and contains no UV rays, chemical materials, dirt, surface treatments or pet paws. When choosing velvet fabric, it is easy to be worn by pet sharp claws.Even velvet fabric has strong wear resistance and stain resistance. Remember that the woven fabric, fabric composition, pattern, furniture design, care and use all affect the life of the chosen fabric.

The following details may help:
Decorative (less than 10,000 cycles)
Recommended for decorative purposes (i.e. cushions and accents). Not recommended for general use.
Light domestic use (10,000 to15,000 cycles)
Only recommended for occasional furniture use.
General household use (15,000 to 25,000 cycles)
Recommended for main furniture in daily life.
Heavy duty (25,000 to 30,000 cycles)
Suitable for heavy domestic use, i.e. for use on large furniture used in everyday life.
Commercial grade (over 30,000 cycles)
Suitable for heavy commercial and heavy domestic use. Suitable for all commercial furniture applications and environments.

So how do you know where to look for this number?
Each swatch is usually attached to the back of the fabric with this information. Some companies that display Martindale\'s result as a number display it as a symbol.

Martin and Valspar
People always confuse the Martindale test and the Valspar test. I\'ll show you their differences.

Martindale and Wyzenbeek conduct friction testsn, where they measure different properties of substances. Martin is rubbing a test grade 8, with Valspar along the warp and woof. Martin\'s favorite trial in Europe; Wyzenbeek in the US.
Martin test and Valspar test are generally used to measure the abrasion resistance of fabrics. Actual performance depends on factors such as fiber content, fabric, finish, furniture design, maintenance, cleaning, use, etc. The durability of upholstery fabrics is a complex interplay (combination) of multiple properties tested, in addition to wear, including joint slippage, stacking , tensile strength and use.
Use the vibration test test. The fabric sample is laid flat and rubbed with a piece of worsted yarn, as shown in Figure 8. The number of cycles the fabric can endure after unwanted changes in fabric appearance (yarn breaks, pilling, and holes) is counted. The number of cycles determines the wear rate.
A Valspar-meter is a tight frame for sampling and keep it stable. Individual pieces are cut in warp and weft directions and then rubbed back and forth with an approved fabric as an abrasive. The number of two friction overlaps that occurred before two yarns broke or the wear observed was recorded as the wear rate of the fabric.
You may not know which machine will meet your usage requirements. Some examples may help you. Heavy duty use the 30,000 double mill Valspar method or the 40,000 cycle Martindale method. Examples of end-uses for heavy equipment include: single-shift operation, hotel rooms/suites, use of conference rooms and dining areas. In the event of extreme wear and tear, a higher level of wear resistance may be required: 24-hour transportation hubs, 24-hour telephones, 24-hour medical emergency rooms, 24-hour casino gambling rooms, and other public gathering places such as theaters, stadiums, report room, fast food restaurant.

Which machine can meet your needs?
You may not know which machine will meet your usage requirements. Some examples may help you. Heavy duty use the 30,000 double mill Valspar method or the 40,000 cycle Martindale method. Examples of end-uses for heavy equipment include: single-shift operation, hotel rooms/suites, use of conference rooms and dining areas. In the event of extreme wear and tear, a higher level of wear resistance may be required: 24-hour transportation hubs, 24-hour telephones, 24-hour medical emergency rooms, 24-hour casino gambling rooms and other public gathering places such as theaters, stadiums, report room, fast food restaurant.

Abrasion resistance
Abrasion resistance is an important index to measure the quality of textiles, which directly affects the durability and use of products. Abrasion resistance refers to the wear resistance offabrics and other materials during repeated friction. This machine is used for abrasion resistance testing.

The wear of textiles mainly manifests itself in the following five aspects:
1. The fibers constantly collide during the friction process. Fiber fragments of the yarn break due to fatigue breakage, resulting in yarn breakage. Fibers are removed from the fabric, resulting in a loose yarn and fabric structure.
2. Fibers can be fully drawn by going back and forth, causing yarn and fabric to thin and even break apart. 3. The fiber is cut, causing the yarn to break.
4. Abrasion of the fiber surface, causing fiber fragments to fall off.
5. friction Generates high temperatures, plastically melts or deforms the fiber and affects the structure and mechanical properties of the fiber. The appearance changes due to wear include wear, loss of quality, discoloration of the appearance and pilling.
There are various methods of testing friction resistance, such as cross grinding method, grinding method, bending grinding method, folding and compound grinding method, etc. The Martindale test belongs to the horizontal grinding method, which is widely used in clothing, wear resistance Grinding of home textiles , upholstery fabrics, upholstery fabrics, etc.

What were the results of the wear test? Abrasion test specifically refers to the process of repeated friction between wear-resistant fabrics or fabrics and other fabrics. In the test, damage to a sample is defined as: at least two separate yarns in the fabric are completely broken; knitted fabrics are a broken yarn, resulting in visible holes; pile or cut pile fabric abrasions to the pile or hair ends; non-woven fabrics Wipe with a cloth, resulting in holes with a diameter greater than 0.5mm; the coated part of the fabric is damagedvisible or exfoliated. The abrasion resistance of fabrics is generally measured by three aspects: sample damage measurement, mass loss evaluation, and appearance change.
Sample damage detection: Under a certain load, grind the sample fixture with the abrasive material according to the Li Sharu curve trajectory. The abrasion resistance of the fabric is measured by the total number of rubs to failure of the sample.
Evaluation of the mass loss: Under a certain load, the test piece is ground with the fixture following the Lissajous curve of the abrasive material. The abrasion resistance of the fabric is determined by the difference in mass between front and back rub.
Evaluation of changes in appearance: Under a certain load, the test piece is ground with a fixture that follows the trajectory of the Lissajous curve with the abrasive material. The abrasion resistance of the fabric is measured by rubbing before and aftert the appearance of the sample changes.

Test Principle:
The fabric sample is rounded under the specified pressure, and the trajectory of Lissajous is the same as that of the material, to achieve the specified twist and the degree of pilling test samples. There are four types of Lissajous graphs and Figure 2 is a commonly used randomized experiment.

Test procedure:
Place the sample in the laboratory environment for 8 hours;
Take a sample from the flat part of the test sample (if the is an insole, it must be cut at the place of transfer);
Remove the load and load shaft from the test machine;
Remove the top plate and the test fixture;
Example setup: loosen the retaining ring on the test fixture, remove the sample press, place the sample in the test fixture base, and place a sample gasket between the test specimen and the test fixture base. The sample pressure device is op the sample gasket placed and secured with a retaining ring; wool felt and friction cloth device: loosen the fixing screw and fixing ring, put the wool felt on the base, put the friction cloth on it, and put 2.5 kg between the pressure plate and the friction cloth, install the fixing ring and lock the fixing screws;
Install the top plate and insert the load shaft (12 kpa) through the flat hole on the top; br/>Lay down the surface of the test piece and put it on the base fixture, adjust the round groove of the test fixture to the load axis, so that the load axis is inserted into the round groove of the test fixture;
Set the time according to the standard, press the switch to start the test, and automatically realize the preset time when the machine is turned off.

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