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Your location: Home > Related Articles > Method for testing the abrasion resistance of fabrics according to the Martindale method

Method for testing the abrasion resistance of fabrics according to the Martindale method

Author:QINSUN Released in:2023-04 Click:119

Abrasion resistance is an important indicator of the quality of textile products, which directly affects the durability and use effect of the product. Specifically, it refers to the property of resistance to abrasion between fabrics or with other fabrics in the process of repeated friction.

The wear of textile products is mainly reflected in the following five aspects:

(1) During the friction process, the fibers continuously collide and the fiber fragments in the yarn break resulting in fatigue damage, leading to yarn breakage.

(2) The fibers are pulled out of the fabric, loosening the yarn and structure of the fabric, and the fibers can be fully pulled out with repeated action, resulting in thinner yarns, thinner fabrics and even disintegration.

(3) The fiber is cut and broken, causing the yarn to break.

(4) The surface of the fiber is worn and the surfaceThe fiber\'s lacquer layer is fragmented and lost.

(5) Friction generates high temperatures, causing the fiber to melt or plastically deform, which affects the structure and mechanical properties of the fiber.

Abrasion is reflected in the morphological changes of the fabric, which are mainly damage, loss of quality, discoloration of the appearance, pilling and other changes.

There are many methods to test the abrasion resistance of textile products, such as surface grinding, curved grinding, hem grinding and compound grinding. The Martindale method is a kind of surface grinding method, which is widely used in the detection of wear resistance of clothing, home textiles, decorative fabrics and upholstery fabrics.

Evaluation method of abrasion resistance of fabric

The conditions for determining the damage of the sample are: at least two independent yarns in woven fabrics are completely broken; one yarn in knitted fabrics is gebroken , caused holes in the appearance; fluff of the pile or cut pile fabric had worn down to the bottom or tufts were falling off; non-woven fabrics caused holes due to friction, the diameter of which was ≥ 0.5mm; the coated part of the coated fabric was damaged to expose Base dust or flaking coating peeled off. The abrasion resistance of fabrics is generally analyzed and evaluated from three aspects: the measurement of sample damage, the measurement of mass loss, and the evaluation of appearance changes.

1) Determination of sample damage: under a certain load, the sample in the armature rubs against the abrasive with the path of the movement of the Lissajous curve plane, and the total number of frictions when the sample is damaged is used to determine the abrasion resistance of the fabric.

2) Determination of mass loss: under a certain load, the sample in the armature rubs againstthe abrasive with the path of the Lissajous curve plane motion, and the sample before and after friction is used for a specific number of frictions The quality difference is used to determine the wear resistance.

3) Evaluation of appearance change: Under a certain load, the sample in the fixture rubs against the abrasive with the trajectory of Lissajous movement of the curve plane, and the wear resistance of the fabric is determined by the appearance change of the sample before and after friction performance.

3 Summary of test methods for textile abrasion resistance

3.1 Determination of sample breakage

This method is suitable for all textile materials, but not for short-life fabrics .

(1) The choice of the abrasive. Choose different standard abrasives according to the characteristics of the sample. Non-coated fabric: woven woolen fabric, coated fabric: No. 600 water sandpaper. The abrasive material and the wearptable are separated by wool felt. After the test, check the surface of the felt. If there are stains or wear, it should be replaced in time.

(2) Sampling method. At least 3 pieces, the woven fabric must contain different warp and weft yarns. Jacquard fabric or fancy weave should contain all the signature parts of a complete weave. If a complete weave or pattern is large, each part can be sampled individually.

(3) Specimen fixture liner selection. Measure the mass per unit area of ​​the sample, the area unit of the sample is ≥500g/m2, no foam liner is required, the area unit of the sample is <500g/m2, the foam liner is installed in the example fixture and is replaced every time Foam filling.

(4) Selection of total effective mass friction load. The total effective mass of the frictional load includes the mass of the container, the most stainlessalen disk and the weight of the sample. According to the technical parameters of the Atlas M235 Martindale Abrasion Resistance and Pilling Tester, the mass of the container: (200 ± 1) g; the mass of the stainless steel disc: (260 ± 1) g; the mass of the sample weight : (395±2)g, (594±2)g.

According to the use of the sample, there are three choices for the total effective mass of the corresponding friction load according to the characteristics of the fabric: 1) (795±7)g: suitable for workwear, furniture upholstery, bed linen products, industrial fabrics ;(595±7)g: 2) Applicable to clothing and home textiles (furniture upholstery, bedding), wear-resistant coated fabrics; (198±2)g: 3) Applicable to wear coated fabrics.

(5) Abrasive Replacement Cycle

Wool Standard Cloth: 50,000 times; standard water sandpaper: 6000 times.

(6) Inspection Interval

Estimate the number of times friction occurs when the sample is damaged and design based onIs this a suitable inspection interval as a test process for the wear resistance of the sample In the observation point of the sample surface wear condition, the inspection interval is a certain number of friction times.

(7) Show Determination Results

Measure the total number of rubs when each sample is damaged, and use the accumulated number of rubs before the sample is damaged as the number of abrasions.

3.2 Determination of mass loss

Applicable to all textile materials, but not suitable for short-life fabrics. The selection of abrasives, sampling method, selection of sample attachment liner, selection of total effective mass of friction load, and abrasive replacement cycle for the determination are consistent with the sample damage method and will not be repeated here.

(1) Inspection Interval

Design a suitable inspection interval as an observation point for thewear condition of the sample surface during the sample wear resistance test, and the inspection interval is a certain number of rubs. During the test according to The set inspection interval is used to check the wear of the sample. When the sample is damaged or reaches the specified number of rubs, the test ends. The measurement of mass loss is divided into two cases: in the first case, the difference Δmi between the mass of the sample before the test and the mass of the test sample after the wear test is measured at each inspection interval; in the second case, the sample Measure at the wear point the difference Δm between the quality of the sample before the test and the quality of the sample after the wear test.

(2) Test results

Using the method of measuring the abrasion resistance of fabrics - the measurement of mass loss, the test results include the following data:

1) Arrival at each inspectioninterval, the measured mass loss Δmi;

2) The sample reaches the wear point, i.e. the mass loss Δm when the test reaches the end point;

3) Mass The graph of the relationship between the loss Δmi and the number of frictions;

4) The wear resistance index Ai (times/g), the calculation formula is:

Ai=N/ΔmiN is the total number of friction times.

3.3 Appearance quality change

Determination of fabric abrasion resistance - the method of appearance quality change is suitable for textile fabrics with a short service life. The selection of abrasives, the sampling method and the filling of the sample confirmation are consistent with the method of measuring the damage to the textile sample and will not be repeated here.

(1) The total effective mass of frictional load (198±2)g;

(2) Abrasive replacement cycle: replace new styrofoam and standard abrasive for each test;

(3) Provisions for evaluating the appearance change of the sample: 1) The abrasion test is carried out to the surface change specified in the contract, and the number of rubs is used as the measured value of the abrasion resistance. Design a suitable inspection interval as an observation point for the change in the appearance of the sample. 2) Abrasion resistance test to the number of rubbing specified in the agreement, and evaluate the surface change of the sample by comparing it with the untested sample of the same fabric.

(4) Test Results: Surface changes include discoloration, pilling and pilling. If the end point of the wear test is to achieve the surface change specified in the agreement, the inspection agreement will specify the degree of discoloration, pilling and pilling on the surface of the sample, and the test results will use the sample to meet thedegrees of discoloration, pilling and pilling specified in the inspection agreement. Expressed in the number of rubbing times. If the end point of the wear test is the number of rubs specified in the agreement, the test result is that after the wear test reaches the specified number of rubs, the sample is compared with the original after the test, and the degree of discoloration, pilling and pilling of the sample after the test has been assessed. The discoloration level, fluffing and pilling level of the sample after the test will explain the change in the appearance quality.

4 Conclusion

The above is a systematic introduction to the method standard system for determining the abrasion resistance of Martindale fabrics, pointing out that European standards, German standards, American Society for Material Standards and Chinese standards The relationship with the international standard ISO is that of equivalent adoption or modifiedadoption. The Martindale method of determining the abrasion resistance of fabrics includes the measurement of sample damage and the measurement of mass loss. Appearance quality determination method and change method. Of the three methods, the test method of sample damage is often used. This method has a small error, and the test results are intuitive and clear. The wear resistance of different fabrics is easy to compare. It is generally used in clothing products and decorative fabrics. The expression form of the test results of the method of measuring mass loss and the method of changing the appearance quality is relatively complicated, but it can reflect the wear resistance of the sample in different stages of friction, and it has strong practical application in the analysis of the use of sex substances in production companies or scientific research institutions. Based on the nationmy country\'s standard GB/T21196.2-4-2007, this document summarizes the main contents of the three methods of measuring the abrasion resistance of fabrics by the Martindale method, hoping to help textile quality inspectors understand it correctly and apply. The Martindale method is used to test the abrasion resistance of fabrics.

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