Fabric martindale test standard and evaluation method

Abrasion is reflected in the morphological changes of the fabric, which are mainly damage, loss of quality, appearance discoloration, pilling and other changes. There are many methods to test the abrasion resistance of textile products, such as surface grinding, curved grinding, hem grinding and compound grinding. The Martindale method is a kind of surface grinding method, which is widely used in the detection of wear resistance of clothing, home textiles, decorative fabrics and upholstery fabrics. The test sample is rubbed against a standard abrasive cloth under specified pressure. After a predetermined number of revolutions, the tested sample is compared with a reference sample to assess wear resistance.

1. Evaluation of fabric abrasion resistance
There are usually the following methods for evaluating fabric abrasion resistance:
1. Observation of the outward performance In general: observe under dthe same test conditions, after a certain number of times of wearing, the changes in the surface gloss, lint, pilling and other appearance effects of the sample, and usually compare it with the standard sample to evaluate its quality. It is also possible to use the number of rubs required for a certain number of sand lines to break on the surface of the sample after wear, or for holes of a certain size to appear on the surface of the sample as a basis for evaluation .
2. Determination of changes in physical properties
After the sample has been worn for a certain number of times, the changes in physical and mechanical properties such as weight, thickness and breaking strength are measured to determine the degree of abrasion resistance of the fabric.

Second, the current standard for abrasion resistance of fabrics
Due to the different sets of national and regional standards, the applicable test standards mayjn on the Martindale Tester are divided into International Standards, American, European Standards, Chinese Standards, etc.
The current specific standards are as follows:
1. International Standard
ISO 12947-1:1998 EN?: Textiles — Determination of abrasion resistance of fabrics by the? Martindale® methodPart 1:Martindale® abrasion testing apparatus
ISO 12947-3:1998 EN: Textiles — Determination of fabric abrasion resistance by the Martindale methodPart 3:Determination of mass loss
ISO 12947-4: 1998 EN: Textiles — Determination of abrasion resistance of fabrics by the Martindale method Part 4: Assessment of appearance change
ISO 5470-2-2003: Rubber or plastic coated fabrics — Determination of abrasion resistance Part 2: Martindale sander
ISO 17076-2:2011 EN?: Leather — Determination of abrasion resistancePart 2: Martindale?ball plate method
ISO 12945-2:2000 EN: Textiles — Determination of tendency of dust to fluff and fluffPart 2:Gewijzigde Martindale method
ISO 11856:2014 EN : Textile floor coverings - Test methods for the determination of fibers that bind us

2, American Standard
AS 3789.6-1996: Textiles for care facilities and institutions Fabric Specifications
AS 2687-1997: Textiles - Upholstery fabrics for domestic and commercial use (excluding coated fabrics)
AS 2001.2.25.1-2006: Test methods for textiles Physical tests - Determination of abrasion resistance of fabrics according to the Martindale method - Martindale apparatus for abrasion testing
AS 2001.2.25.2-2006: test methods for textile tiles Physical tests - Determination of the abrasion resistance of fabrics by the Martindale method - Determination of the fracture of samples
AS 2001.2.25.3-2006?Martindale?method?Current: test methods for textiles Physical tests - Determination of abrasion resistance of fabrics according to the Martindale method - Determination of mass loss
AS 2001.2.25.4-2006: Test Methodsfor textiles Physical tests - Determination of abrasion resistance of fabrics by the Martindale method - Assessment of appearance change
AS 60068.2.70-2003: Environmental tests Tests - Test Xb: Abrasion of markings and letters caused by finger and hand rubbing

AS/NZS 4967:2009: Protective Clothing for Firefighters - Requirements and Test Methods for Protective Clothing Used for Structural Fire Fighting

AS/NZS 2161.6:2014: Occupational Protective Gloves Protective Gloves for Structural Fire Fighting - Laboratory Test Methods and Performance Requirements Elements.
3. European Standard
BS EN ISO 12947-1:1998: Textiles Determination of the abrasion resistance of fabrics by the Martindale method Martindale abrasion testing apparatus
BS EN ISO 12947-2:1998: Textiles Determination of the abrasion resistance of fabrics according to the Martindale method Determination of the breakage of samples
BS EN ISO 12947-3:1998: Textiles Determination ofthe abrasion resistance of fabrics according to the Martindale method. Determination of mass loss
BS EN ISO 12947-4:1998: Textiles Determination of abrasion resistance of fabrics by the Martindale method Assessment of appearance change
BS EN ISO 5470-2:2003: Rubber or plastic coated substances. Determination of abrasion resistance. Martindale Sander
BS EN ISO 12945-2:2000: Textiles. Determination of fabric\'s tendency to pilling and pilling. Modified Martindale Method
BS EN ISO 17076-2:2011: Leather Determination of abrasion resistance Martindale Ball Plate Method
BS EN ISO 26082-1:2012: Leather. Physical and mechanical test methods for determining fouling. Rub method (Martindale)

4. China National Standard
GB/T 19089-2012  Determination of abrasion resistance of rubber or plastic coated fabrics Martindale method
GB/T 19089-2012 Determination of the abrasion resistance of rubber or plastic coated fabrics Martindale method Alpha?
GB/T 21196.1-2007 Part 1: Martindale abrasion tester?
GB/T 4802.2- 2008 Determination of pilling properties of textile fabrics Part 2: Modified Martindale method
GB/T 21196.2-2007: Textile Martindale method Fabric abrasion resistance Determination of abrasion resistance Part 2: Determination of sample fraction
GB/T 21196.3-2007 Textiles Martindale method Determination of abrasion resistance of fabrics Part 3: Determination of mass loss

GB/T 21196.4- 2007 Determination of abrasion resistance of fabrics by Martindale method of textiles Part 4 : Evaluation of appearance changes?
FZ/T 01123-2014 Textile Resistance Abrasive Performance Test Fold Grinding Method?
GB/T 21196.2 -2007 Textile Martindale method Determination of abrasion resistance of fabrics Part 2: Determination of sample damage Current
GB/T 21196.3-2007 Determinationof abrasion resistance of fabrics according to the Martindale method of textiles Part 3: Determination of mass loss
GB/T 3903.16-2008  FootwearTest Methods for Uppers, Linings and Inner Cushions Abrasion Resistance
GB/T 13775-1992 Test Methods for Abrasion Resistance of Cotton, Linen and Spun Silk Woven Fabrics
GB/T 25262- 2010 Guidelines for Abrasion Testing of Vulcanized Rubber or Thermoplastic Rubber

The standard listed above is the standard for the Martindale method of testing the abrasion resistance of fabrics, issued by several influential international standardization organizations. Among them, the international standard adopts the EU standard. The revision of the Chinese national standard adopts the ISO standard. The detection method is basically the same as the ISO standard, but the scope of application of the standard adds coated substances, and for the detection of coated substances, the corresponding rules forr Coating agent damage and friction are added Load parameters, standard abrasives and standard replacement requirements for abrasives. In the actual situation, the corresponding test standards and methods can be selected according to needs.

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