Commonly used standards for testing the abrasion resistance of fabrics using the Martindale method

Abrasion resistance is an important index of the quality of textile products, which directly affects the durability and use effect of the product. Specifically, it refers to the property of resistance to abrasion between fabrics or with other fabrics in the process of repeated friction. The friction resistance of textiles is affected by external conditions and test results will vary. Here is an analysis of why textiles should be tested for friction resistance and the commonly used standards.

Firstly, the wear and tear of textile products is mainly reflected in the following five aspects:

1. Fibers are cut and broken, resulting in yarn breakage.

2. The surface of the fiber is worn, and the surface of the fiber is fragmented and lost.

3. Friction generates high temperatures, causing the fiber to melt or plastically deform, affecting its structure and mechanical propertypen of the fiber.

4. During the friction process, the fibers continually collide and the fiber fragments in the yarn break due to fatigue damage, resulting in the yarn breaking.

5. The fibers are pulled out of the fabric, resulting in the loosening of the yarn and the structure of the fabric. The fibers can be fully pulled out under repeated action, resulting in thinner yarns, thinner fabrics and even disintegration.
Abrasion is reflected in the morphological changes of the fabric, which are mainly damage, loss of quality, appearance discoloration, pilling and other changes.
There are many methods to test the abrasion resistance of textile products, such as surface grinding, curved grinding, hem grinding and composite grinding. The Martindale method is a kind of surface grinding method, which is widely used in the detection of wear resistance of clothing, home textiles, decorative fabrics and upholstery fabrics.

Second, standard system introduction
1, international standard
ISO12947.2—1998 "Textiles Martindale (Martindale) Method for the determination of the abrasion resistance of textiles Part 2: Determination of damage to samples";
ISO12947.3-1998 "Textiles using Martindale (Martindale) Method for determination of abrasion resistance of fabrics Part 3: Determination of mass loss"
ISO12947-4-1998 "Determination of abrasion resistance of fabrics by the Martindale method for textiles, part 4: Evaluation of appearance changes".

2. National Standard of China
GB/T21196.2-2007 "Determination of Wear Resistance of Textile Fabrics by Martindale Method Part 2: Determination of Damage by Samples";

GB/T21196.3-2007 "Determination of Abrasion Resistance of Fabrics by Martindale Method for Textiles Part 3: Determination of Mass Loss";
GB/T21196.4 -2007 "Determination of Abrasion Resistance of Fabrics by Martindale Method for Textiles Part4: Appearance Changes Evaluation of Chemicalization".

3. American Society for Materials (ASTM) Standard
ASTMD4966-2010 "Fabric Abrasion Test Martindale Abrasion Tester".

4.European Standard
ENISO12947-2:1998 "Determination of Abrasion Resistance of Fabrics by Martindale Method Part 2: Determination of Sample Breakage";
ENISO12947-3 :1998 "Textiles uses the Martindale (Martindale) method for determining the abrasion resistance of the fabric Part 3: Determination of mass loss";
ENISO12947-4:1998 "Textiles use the Martindale (Martindale) method for determining the abrasion resistance of fabrics - Part 4: Evaluation of appearance changes".

5. Standard of the British Standards Institution (BS)
BISO12947.2-1998 "Determination of abrasion resistance of fabrics by the Martindale method for textiles\" Part 2: Determination of Samples Breakage";
BISO12947.3-1998 "Determination of abrasion resistance of textiles byor Martindale Method for Textiles Part 3: Determination of Mass Loss";
BSENI012947-4-1999 "Determination of Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics by Martindale Method Part 4 Evaluation of Appearance Changes".

6 Standard of the German Institute for Standardization (DIN)
DINENISO12947-2-2007 "Textiles. Determination of the abrasion resistance of fibers according to the Martens method. Part 2: Test Destruction Determination";
DINENIS012947-3-2007 "Textiles. Determination of fiber abrasion resistance by Martens method. Part 3: Determination of mass loss";
DINENIS012947-7-2007 "Textiles. Martin Determination of abrasion resistance of fabrics according to the Dyer method. Part 4: Evaluation of Changes in Appearance".
The standard given above is the Martindale method standard for testing the abrasion resistance of fabrics, issued by several influential international standardization organizations.

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