Analysis of common international standards for testing the abrasion resistance of fabrics according to the Martindale method

Abrasion resistance is an important indicator of the quality of textile products, which directly affects the durability and use effect of the product. Specifically, it refers to the property of resistance to abrasion between fabrics or with other fabrics in the process of repeated friction. At present, there are certain differences in the detection of textile abrasion resistance in different countries, and the test methods and requirements are also different. briefly introduce you to the fabric Martindale method of testing the abrasion resistance of fabrics. The performance is often used in international standards.

Wear of textile products is mainly expressed in the following five aspects:

1. Fibers are cut and broken, resulting in yarn breakage .
2. The surface of the fiber is worn and the surface layer of the fiber is fragmented and lostn gone.
3. Friction generates high temperatures, causing the fiber to melt or deform plastically, which affects the structure and mechanical properties of the fiber.

4. During the friction process, the fibers continuously collide and the fiber fragments in the yarn break due to fatigue damage, resulting in the yarn breaking.
5. The fibers are pulled out of the fabric, loosening the yarn and structure of the fabric. The fibers can be completely pulled out with repeated handling, resulting in thinner yarns, thinner fabrics and even disintegration.

Abrasion is reflected in the morphological changes of the fabric, which are mainly damage, loss of quality, discoloration of the appearance, pilling and other changes.
There are many methods to test the abrasion resistance of textile products, such as surface grinding, curved grinding, hem grinding and composite grinding. The Martindale method is a type of surface grinding method, which is widely used in the detection of abrasion resistance of clothing, home textiles, decoration fabrics and upholstery fabrics.

Standard System Introduction

1. National Standard of China
GB/T21196.2-2007 \"Textile Determination of abrasion resistance of fabrics by the Martindale method Part 2: Determination of sample fraction\";
GB/T21196.3-2007 \"Determination of abrasion resistance of fabrics by the Martindale method for textiles Part 2 Part 3: Determination of mass loss \";
GB/T21196.4-2007 \"Determination of abrasion resistance of fabrics by the Martindale method for textiles, part 4: evaluation of appearance changes\".

2. International Standard
ISO12947.2—1998 \"Martindale method for textiles Determination of abrasion resistance Part 2: Determination of Sample Breakage\";
ISO12947.3-1998 \"Determination of Abrasion Resistance of Fabrics by Martindale Method for Textiles Part 3: Quality Determination of the losss\";
ISO12947-4-1998 \"Determination of abrasion resistance of fabrics by the Martindale method for textiles, part 4: evaluation of appearance changes\".

3. American Society for Materials (ASTM) Standard
ASTMD4966-2010 \"Fabric Abrasion Test Martindale Abrasion Tester\"

4. European Standard
ENISO12947-2:1998 \"Determination of Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics by Martindale Method Part 2: Determination of Sample Breakage\" ;
ENISO12947-3:1998 \"Measurement of Fabric Abrasion Resistance by Martindale (Martindale) Method for Textiles Part 3: Determination of Mass Loss\";
ENISO12947-4:1998 \"Martindale for Textiles Determination of abrasion resistance of fabrics by the Martindale method - Part 4: Evaluation of changes in appearance\".

5. Standard of the German Institute for Standardization (DIN)
DINENISO12947-2-2007 \"Textiles. Determination of the abrasion resistance of fibers according to the Martens-method. Part 2: Determination of Test Destruction\";
DINENIS012947-3-2007 \"Textiles. Determination of the abrasion resistance of fibers using the Martens method. Part 3: Determination of mass loss\";
DINENIS012947-7-2007 \"Textiles. Determination of wear resistance of fabrics according to the Martindale method. Part 4: Evaluation of changes in appearance\".

6. British Standards Institution (BS) Standard
BISO12947.2-1998 \"Determination of Fabric Abrasion Resistance by Martindale Method for Textiles Part 2: Determination of sample damage\";
BISO12947.3-1998 \"Determination of abrasion resistance of textiles by the Martindale method for textiles Part 3: Determination of mass loss\";
BSENIO12947- 4-1999 \"Determination of Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics by Martindale Method - Part 4 Evaluation of Appearance Changes\".

The standard given above is the Martindale Method Standard for Testing Abrasion Resistance of Fabrics, published by variousinfluential international standardization organizations. Among them, the EU standards, DIN standards and BSI standards all adopt ISO standards. China\'s national standard revision adopts the ISO standard, and the detection method is basically the same as the ISO standard specification. Only coated fabrics are added to the scope of the standard, and for the detection of coated fabrics, the corresponding damage regulations are of coated fabrics, friction load parameters, standard abrasives and standard abrasive replacement requirements added. The American Society for Materials Standard ASTMD4966-2010 \"Fabric Abrasion Test Martindale Abrasion Tester\" includes two parts: the Abrasion Test Method Provisions, the Martindale Abrasion Tester and Auxiliary Materials Provisions, and the Test Method is in Accordance with International Standards of the Standardization Organization ISO12947 .2~4 are essentially the same, but somewhats different from ISO12947.3~4 in measuring mass loss and evaluation of appearance changes, and are simpler in final test conditions and test results.

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