【Automobile】Interior Material Testing Technology Analysis أداة الاختبار –

[Automotive] Interior Materials Testing Technology Analysis

The performance and processing technology of non-metallic materials are changing every day, making them used in automobiles at an unprecedented speed . The average consumption of non-metallic materials per car has increased from 68.4 kg in 1981 to 150-180 kg today. At the same time, the market has put forward higher requirements for testing the corresponding properties of these materials, such as the impact of condensation of volatile substances from automobile interior materials on the windshield on driving safety. from the driver, the breathability of plastic fuel tanks. , inner tubes, safety The barrier property of the airbag and so on. In response to these problems, corresponding test methods, test standards and test instruments have also been introduced and continuously improved.

1. Atomization detection of interior parts

Automotive interior decoration materials, such as engineering plastics, textiles, leather, non-woven fabrics, etc., and the materials used to install these materials. Under the action of high temperatures, the volatile components of various adhesives evaporate and form condensation on the windows or windshields of the car, causing poor visibility for the driver and seriously affecting driving safety. At present, foreign countries have already tested this aspect, and the relevant testing standards followed are IN75201, ISO6452, SAEJ1756, etc. Some domestic automobile and interior parts manufacturers have also paid enough attention to relevant testing, either to improve product quality or expand their businesses. Overseas markets.

There are two testing methods for detecting fogging on interior parts: the gloss test method and the weight test method. The first measures the atomization characteristics of the test sample through the change of gloss of the glass plate before and after atomization; the latter measures the quality of the atomized condensate thanks to the change in mass of the aluminum foil before and after atomization. In addition, the “nebulization value” or “atomization-condensation mass” obtained through the test can also quantitatively obtain the volatilization of toxic and harmful substances in the sample; thanks to testing the fogging value of the xenon lamp in front of the car, possibility of testing to what extent the fogging of the headlights affects the lighting.

Atomization test equipment currently sold in the Chinese market includes brands such as Standard Group, Shanghai Panstandard and qisnun.

2. Air and moisture permeability testing of seat materials

During long journeys, drivers and passengers often have to seat several or even dozens of people in the car. hours, so the air and moisture permeability performance of car seat materials is higher than other places. Good seat cushions and chairs should be soft and elastic, and have good air permeability and moisture permeability, so that the sweat of drivers and passengers can be discharged smoothly, allowing people to feel comfortable.

The air permeability testing method is: take a sample of specified size and place it in the testing chamber, vent one side of the sample to form a certain pressure difference on both sides of the sample and measure under this pressure difference. Calculate gas permeability by measuring the flow rate of gas passing through a given area of ​​the samplen for a certain period of time; or maintain flow through the sample and measure both sides of the sample pressure difference to calculate air flow resistance. This test method follows GB/T10655-2003.

The method of detecting moisture permeability is as follows: sandwich the sample between the dry and wet chambers at a constant temperature. The sensor located in the test chamber analyzes changes in humidity in the chamber and tracks the change from the preset lower limit value to the upper limit value.e. The time required, through multiple continuous measurements and system analysis, to obtain the moisture permeability and moisture permeability coefficient of the sample. This test method follows the ASTME398 standard.

3. Measurement of the air permeability of plastic fuel tanks

At present, the rate of use of plastic fuel tanksplastic fuel drains in Chinese cars reached 86%. Compared with steel fuel tanks, plastic automobile fuel tanks are safer, corrosion resistant and have a longer service life. They also have random shapes and low production costs. However, the barrier properties of automobile plastic fuel tanks are poor, which will lead to penetrating fuel volatilization. Its barrier properties must be tested to select the ideal material.

The traditional testing method is: after injecting a certain amount of gasoline into the fuel tank, sealing it, weighing the fuel tank to obtain its mass M1, and after left for a sufficient period of time (usually more than 100 days), weigh it again to obtain its mass M1. Mass M2, calculate △M=M1-M2, △M is volatilizationfuel. This method requires a long testing time and requires high-precision weighing tools, which is difficult to implement.

ASTMD3985 gives another test method. Cut plastic sheets in the fuel tank, measure the oxygen permeability of the sheets, and compare the oxygen permeability of various plastic sheets to scientifically and quickly determine which plastic has the best barrier properties and is the most suitable for making fuel cans. ASTMF1307 gives the test method of the whole container, thus realizing the leak detection test of the whole fuel tank.

Fourth, gas barrier test of inner tubes and airbags

Materials for manufacturing automotive inner tubes and airbags must have good properties of barrier. Operating without inflating, the latter ensures that at the momentfrom an accidental collision, it can quickly inflate and provide a certain pressure.

The traditional test method involves inflating the finished inner tube or airbag to a certain pressure, recording the pressure gauge value at that time and, after leaving it for a while, observing the pressure drop of the pressure gauge value to obtain its barrier performance. This type of detection method usually takes a long time to get the result (sometimes more than a year) and is difficult to implement. Now you can use the gas permeability VAC-V1 produced by Jinan Languang Mechanical and Electrical Technology Co., Ltd. to take a sample of the material to be tested and fix it on the instrument in order to maintain a constant pressure difference on both sides of the sample to measure the penetration of gas through the test. The change in pressure with time after sampling can beused to obtain the barrier performance of the material. Generally, the test in this area can be completed within 12 hours on the instrument, which greatly improves the work efficiency.

V. Detection of other non-metallic materials

There are many non-metallic materials used in automobiles, and the same material has different performance requirements in different parts, it is necessary to conduct testing on various projects. Such as tensile strength, tear strength, hardness, bending strength, color, coefficient of friction, etc.

In addition, a large number of various adhesives are used in cars. The performance of adhesives has a vital impact on the quality of the vehicle, which is why this type of non-metallic materials must be cut. Cutting, stretching, tearing and other performance tests.

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