The second half of the twentieth century was marked by the widespread use of textile raw materials. In various non-textile areas - from the application of fiber composites, highly structural materials, various materials and products used in industry, vehicles (cars, ships, aircraft), space ships, professional sports, agriculture, road construction and construction, protection of people and animals, environmental protection, medicine. This textile material is mentioned. As technical textiles, mainly manufactured from a number of specific fibers with properties such as environmental conditions retain the physical characteristics of high-tech fibers for a longer period of time, characterized by high quality. These new generations of high quality textile raw materials, manufactured by state-of-the-art processes, provide a way to enhance the performance of fabrics. Physical and mechanical properties, and different effects in use, while retaining their textile properties such as color fastness, dimensional stability, etc., strength, good abrasion resistance, etc. at the same time.
These materials come in the form of garments, textiles Cartridges for shoes or any other end-use products that offer to maintain a good appearance and thus extend the use. However, when it comes to meeting the needs of soldiers, police, mountaineers and many other specific users whose longevity depends on the resistance of the textile materials they use with good abrasion resistance, high performance acquires a completely different meaning.
High-performance materials are no longer a mystery, but the next question of time. Better and smarter fabrics will emerge. Just like in everyday life, people like to be surrounded by textile materials that retain their original properties and have high wear resistance under the conditions of use, i.e. high resistance to abrasion. It is necessary to choose the best method and the appropriate procedure to test them, as well as the way to express the test results. This may be a good starting point. Development of new methods and test procedures, as well as construction of appropriate measuring equipment
Today, there are several different types of instruments for testing abrasion resistance. Over time, they have evolved to include different loading conditions and materials, in order to be more realistic and closer to the real situation. Their results are not comparable to each other, and often different instruments are used to report opposite results. Recently, abrasion resistance is most commonly tested by Martindale, while the process cycle through the tangential direction of the Schauberger is mostly abandoned.
However, testing for wear resistance by Schauberger has its advantages and disadvantages. The use of silicon carbide paper in the lower cycle and tangential direction provides intensive wear. Contacting the sample with abrasive material. When utilizing the test method, the specimen moves according to the lisa such as graphs, standard wool fabrics wear on the entire surface, which certainly helps to obtain reliable results. This method is well suited for everyday fabrics, but even more so at high levels.
It is known that a textile material resistant to high temperatures. Abrasion, such as nylon? , can stand 100,000 mill Martindale without loss of mass or sample breakdown. Obviously, such materials will abrade wool fabrics, not the other way around. So the question is whether to determine the abrasion resistance, or some other similar high performance fabric, using the test method that applies or the method should be changed to obtain meaningful results?
Some modifications to the standard test method for abrasion resistance by Martindale are also possible, all of which are intended to achieve significant results. Ministry of Textile University, Institute of Textile Technology Materials, Fibers and Textile Testing Zagreb has been working to provide the military and police with high quality fabrics. Use for some time. Several high-performance fabrics were studied. The need to determine the wet abrasion resistance is one of the key requirements. Throughout the course of the investigation.
Fabrics used for military and police uniforms are exposed to many physical and chemical agents in processes that are frequently used, rain and moisture are most frequently Encounters . This means that in addition to testing for dry abrasion resistance, the required current standards, criteria should be supplemented with a wet wear test. This method of determining abrasion resistance is particularly suitable for damage. When tested, the damaged textile material shows a significant reduction in wet strength. The advantage of condition modification is that the same methods, procedures and equipment as for dry materials can be used. Similar to the above, air permeability and water resistance are excellent for abrasion resistance. Important for high performance fabrics used by mountaineers, soldiers, police, firefighters, etc. The test method can again be ideally modified to suit the purpose; using the same apparatus, procedures and slightly modified methods, it provides the right insight. The effect of abrasion on water or air permeability. More knowledge about the influence of tests on wear resistance, related to permeability and water resistance, would be also obtained in this way.
In general, there is not enough development of materials today. The development of test methods and test equipment. Several problems in the testing of high-performance fabrics in many test laboratories.
Textiles (test objects) are subject to wear in the presence of relative resistance and are friction-induced, causing wear of the textile material. The real-time survey deals only with textiles and/or abrasives, simultaneously or separately. Process wear means that the wear can last for some time without causing visible damage. The term "wear" is used for this process. If the process is carried out on a material with visible damage or failure, holes appear in the fabric, which then indicates "specimen breakage".
To assess abrasion resistance, the following values are measured.
A specific procedure of tearing occurs after - loss of mass.
Textile wear, abrasion, and test results are influenced by many factors. Factors related to the textile material, the environment in which the test is conducted, and the test conditions. Factors related to the textile material are: fiber type, fiber properties, yarn twist, fabric structure, surface characteristics (hairiness, smoothness, finishing, etc.)
The size of the test area is closely related to the humidity and temperature, meaning that the test should be performed in a standard test environment. The most important factors performing the testing process are: abrasion type, abrasive type, pressure, speed, tension, abrasion direction, test tube tension, test tube carrier type, and abrasion when from the textile material.
The influence factor of this group of factors is particularly high. It should be noted that the conditions for conducting tests using different methods vary considerably. It is therefore not possible to compare the test results obtained by different methods and, if the test conditions are not equal, the results obtained in any particular process. Therefore, the results of testing relative wear are mostly descriptive, although they are important.
In practice, the most accurate test of the abrasion resistance aspect of a fabric, in the evaluation of the The performance of a product in use is its durability, as in most cases tested garments. Exposure to wear and tear during use, or for bed linen, furniture, technical fabric textiles and other similar conditions. A series of test procedures and related developed equipment, classified mainly by the method of execution. The test, the way to gaze and wear the sample, and the method of wear. In practice, the most common method is rounded edge wear, whether permanent. Contact in the test area, or contact with the surface during some part of the contact.
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